Sanger Sequencing

• Uses small amount of Di deoxy nucleotide (two missing OH's) -> this allows for random stoppage, once repeated you get many strands of different lengths (bonds can't form)
• repeated 4 times with ddATP, ddGTP, ddCTP, ddTTP
• then placed on well where shorter reads go down to bottom, we know what element each is and then sequencing is possible
• requires a primer of known sequence

Illumina Machines

• Novel method of sequencing dna
• Splits into 2 pieces, adaptors are attached to each end
• Flows along well, connects to adaptors
• Replicated, bridged, more are created
• Each is put through machine and next pair is allowed to grow (has a highlight colour on it)
• Camera sees colour and sequence is known
• Algorithms join pieces together (compared to reference genome)

Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing

• Examines mixes of organisms
• Finds low abundance organisms
• Can be used to determine phylogenetic tree
• Method of compiling short reads into long read
• Fragments are known as contigs
• Finds overlapping regions